The rational Catalan length-skew-length conjecture for core partitions

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Let mm and nn be coprime positive integers. An (m,n)(m,n)-core is a partition that is simultaneously an mm-core and an nn-core; denote the set of such cores by Pm,n\mathcal P_{m,n}. Let ℓ(λ)\ell(\lambda) and sℓ(λ)s\ell(\lambda) be the length and skew-length statistics of an (m,n)(m,n)-core λ\lambda. Define [a]q=1+q+⋯+qa−1[a]_q=1+q+\cdots+q^{a-1} and [m+nm,n]q\left[m+n \atop m,n \right]_q as the relevant qq-multinomial coefficient. The rational Catalan length-skew-length conjecture.

∑λ∈Pm,nqℓ(λ)+sℓ(λ)=Cat⁡m,n(q)=1[m+n]q[m+nm,n]q.\sum_{\lambda\in\mathcal P_{m,n}}q^{\ell(\lambda)+s\ell(\lambda)}=\operatorname{Cat}_{m,n}(q)=\frac{1}{[m+n]_q}\left[m+n \atop m,n \right]_q.

This is the core-partition formulation of a combinatorial interpretation for the rational Catalan polynomial. The source attributes it to Armstrong and collaborators and gives no evidence that it has been resolved.

References

Primary source

Guoce Xin, “Rank complement of rational Dyck paths and conjugation of (m,n)-core partitions”, arXiv:1504.02075 (2015).

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