Forsgård–Shapiro tropical bound for real zeros

Let f(z)=k=0nakzkf(z)=\sum_{k=0}^n a_kz^k be a polynomial with positive coefficients, and define

ftrop(x)=maxk(Log(ak)+kx+Log(nk)).f_{\operatorname{trop}}(x)=\max_k\left(\operatorname{Log}(a_k)+kx+\operatorname{Log}{n\choose k}\right).

Forsgård–Shapiro tropical conjecture. The number of real zeros of ff does not exceed the number of corners of the continuous piecewise-linear function ftropf_{\operatorname{trop}} on R\mathbb{R}.

The assertion is proposed as a weighted tropical analogue of a real-root bound; the source gives no resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

B. Shapiro, “Problems around polynomials - the good, the bad and the ugly ...”, arXiv:1503.05295 (2015).

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