The q-analogue identity for rook placements and the Harer–Zagier formula

Let Y(n,s)Y(n,s) be the set of all Young diagrams with nn rows of lengths between ss and n+sn+s. For a rook placement CC on a diagram [?][?] in Y(n,s)Y(n,s), let inv(C)\operatorname{inv}(C) be the number of blank squares left after crossing out every square directly to the left of or above a rook, let μ|\mu| denote the number of squares of μ\mu, and write [m]q[m]_q for the qq-integer, [m]q!![m]_q!! for the corresponding qq-double factorial, and [ab]q\genfrac{[}{]}{0pt}{}{a}{b}_q for the qq-binomial coefficient. The q-analogue conjecture. The following identity holds:

μY(n,s)i=1nqμii[μii+1]q=μY(n,s)rookplacementsConμqinv(C)+μ(n+12)\sum_{\mu \in Y(n,s)} \prod_{i=1}^{n}q^{\mu_i-i}[\mu_i-i+1]_q = \sum_{\mu \in Y(n,s)}\sum_{\substack{\operatorname{rook placements}\\ C \,\operatorname{on}\, \mu}}q^{\operatorname{inv}(C) + |\mu| - \binom{n+1}{2}} =k0qn(sk)+(k2)[2n1]q!![sk]q[nk]qi=1k(1+qn+i).=\sum_{k\geq 0} q^{n(s-k) + \binom{k}{2}}[2n-1]_q!!\genfrac{[}{]}{0pt}{}{s}{k}_q\genfrac{[}{]}{0pt}{}{n}{k}_q\prod_{i=1}^k(1 + q^{n+i}).

This gives a qq-analogue of the rook-placement expression for the Harer–Zagier formula; it was verified computationally up to n=10n=10 and s=5s=5, but no proof or general resolution is supplied in the source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Max Wimberley, “Towards a q-analogue of the Harer-Zagier formula via rook placements”, arXiv:1412.3182 (2014).

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