Equidistribution of orthogonal grids on integer spheres

For d3d\geq 3, let Sd1(D)={vZd:v2=D}\mathbb{S}^{d-1}(D)=\{v\in\mathbb{Z}^d:\|v\|^2=D\}, and for each primitive vector vSd1(D)v\in\mathbb{S}^{d-1}(D) let [Δv]Yd1[\Delta_v]\in\mathcal{Y}_{d-1} be the rotation class of the grid formed by the orthogonal lattice Λv=Zdv\Lambda_v=\mathbb{Z}^d\cap v^\perp together with the orthogonal projection of a vector wZdw\in\mathbb{Z}^d satisfying (w,v)=1(w,v)=1. Let ν~D\widetilde{\nu}_D be the normalized counting measure on

{(vv,[Δv]):vSd1(D)}Sd1×Yd1,\left\{\left(\frac{v}{\|v\|},[\Delta_v]\right):v\in\mathbb{S}^{d-1}(D)\right\}\subset\mathbb{S}^{d-1}\times\mathcal{Y}_{d-1},

where

Yd1=SOd1(R)ASLd1(R)/ASLd1(Z).\mathcal{Y}_{d-1}=\operatorname{SO}_{d-1}(\mathbb{R})\setminus\operatorname{ASL}_{d-1}(\mathbb{R})/\operatorname{ASL}_{d-1}(\mathbb{Z}).

Equidistribution conjecture for orthogonal grids. The convergence

ν~DweakmSd1mYd1\widetilde{\nu}_D\stackrel{\mathrm{weak}^{*}}{\longrightarrow}m_{\mathbb{S}^{d-1}}\otimes m_{\mathcal{Y}_{d-1}}

holds for the subset A=NA=\mathbb{N} if d>4d>4, for A=N(8N)A=\mathbb{N}\setminus(8\mathbb{N}) if d=4d=4, and for

A={D1D is not congruent to 0,4,7 modulo 8}A=\{D\geq 1\mid D\text{ is not congruent to }0,4,7\text{ modulo }8\}

if d=3d=3, as DD\to\infty with DAD\in A. Here mSd1m_{\mathbb{S}^{d-1}} and mYd1m_{\mathcal{Y}_{d-1}} are the natural uniform probability measures on the sphere and the grid-moduli space. This generalizes Linnik's problem on spheres by incorporating the shapes and marked points of the orthogonal grids; the stated parser status is unknown, so the resolution status is left open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Menny Aka, Manfred Einsiedler and Uri Shapira, “Integer points on spheres and their orthogonal grids”, arXiv:1411.1272 (2015).

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