Equidistribution of orthogonal grids on integer spheres

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For d≥3d\geq 3, let Sd−1(D)={v∈Zd:∥v∥2=D}\mathbb{S}^{d-1}(D)=\{v\in\mathbb{Z}^d:\|v\|^2=D\}, and for each primitive vector v∈Sd−1(D)v\in\mathbb{S}^{d-1}(D) let [Δv]∈Yd−1[\Delta_v]\in\mathcal{Y}_{d-1} be the rotation class of the grid formed by the orthogonal lattice Λv=Zd∩v⊥\Lambda_v=\mathbb{Z}^d\cap v^\perp together with the orthogonal projection of a vector w∈Zdw\in\mathbb{Z}^d satisfying (w,v)=1(w,v)=1. Let ν~D\widetilde{\nu}_D be the normalized counting measure on

{(v∥v∥,[Δv]):v∈Sd−1(D)}⊂Sd−1×Yd−1,\left\{\left(\frac{v}{\|v\|},[\Delta_v]\right):v\in\mathbb{S}^{d-1}(D)\right\}\subset\mathbb{S}^{d-1}\times\mathcal{Y}_{d-1},

where

Yd−1=SO⁡d−1(R)∖ASL⁡d−1(R)/ASL⁡d−1(Z).\mathcal{Y}_{d-1}=\operatorname{SO}_{d-1}(\mathbb{R})\setminus\operatorname{ASL}_{d-1}(\mathbb{R})/\operatorname{ASL}_{d-1}(\mathbb{Z}).

Equidistribution conjecture for orthogonal grids. The convergence

ν~D⟶weak∗mSd−1⊗mYd−1\widetilde{\nu}_D\stackrel{\mathrm{weak}^{*}}{\longrightarrow}m_{\mathbb{S}^{d-1}}\otimes m_{\mathcal{Y}_{d-1}}

holds for the subset A=NA=\mathbb{N} if d>4d>4, for A=N∖(8N)A=\mathbb{N}\setminus(8\mathbb{N}) if d=4d=4, and for

A={D≥1∣D is not congruent to 0,4,7 modulo 8}A=\{D\geq 1\mid D\text{ is not congruent to }0,4,7\text{ modulo }8\}

if d=3d=3, as D→∞D\to\infty with D∈AD\in A. Here mSd−1m_{\mathbb{S}^{d-1}} and mYd−1m_{\mathcal{Y}_{d-1}} are the natural uniform probability measures on the sphere and the grid-moduli space. This generalizes Linnik's problem on spheres by incorporating the shapes and marked points of the orthogonal grids; the stated parser status is unknown, so the resolution status is left open.

References

Primary source

Menny Aka, Manfred Einsiedler and Uri Shapira, “Integer points on spheres and their orthogonal grids”, arXiv:1411.1272 (2015).

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