Li's unimodality conjecture for bounded-composition largest parts

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Let a(k,n,q)a(k,n,q) denote the number of compositions of kk with nn parts whose largest part is qq, and let (n,qk)\binom{n,q}{k} denote the coefficient of xkx^k in (1+x+x2+⋯+xq−1)n(1+x+x^2+\cdots+x^{q-1})^n. Let cc be a positive integer. Li's unimodality conjecture. For every nn, the function

a((c+1)n,n,q)=(n,qcn)−(n,q−1cn)a((c+1)n,n,q)=\binom{n,q}{cn}-\binom{n,q-1}{cn}

is unimodal in qq, with its maximum attained at q=⌊log⁡1+1cn⌋+1q=\lfloor\log_{1+\frac{1}{c}}n\rfloor+1 or q=⌊log⁡1+1cn⌋+1q=\lfloor\log_{1+\frac{1}{c}}n\rfloor+1. In particular, a(2n,n,q)=(n,qn)−(n,q−1n)a(2n,n,q)=\binom{n,q}{n}-\binom{n,q-1}{n} is unimodal in qq, with maximum at q=⌊log⁡2n⌋q=\lfloor\log_2 n\rfloor or q=⌊log⁡2n⌋+1q=\lfloor\log_2 n\rfloor+1. The conjecture concerns the distribution of compositions by their largest part; the stated maximizing values arise from the asymptotic scale of the bounded polynomial coefficients. The paper gives experimental motivation and later discusses the need for a combinatorial proof, but provides no resolution.

References

Primary source

Jiyou Li, “Asymptotic estimate for the polynomial coefficients”, arXiv:1405.1803 (2014).

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