Low-dimensional sandpile toppling-probability exponent

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Let ν\nu be the infinite-volume sandpile measure on {0,1,…,2d−1}Zd\{0,1,\ldots,2d-1\}^{\mathbb{Z}^d}, let Avo={x∈Zd:n(o,x;⋅)>0}\mathrm{Av}_o=\{x\in\mathbb{Z}^d:n(o,x;\cdot)>0\} be the avalanche set generated by adding a particle at the origin, and let ∣x∣|x| denote distance from the origin. Toppling-probability exponent conjecture. For 2≤d≤42\le d\le4, there exists η=η(d)≥0\eta=\eta(d)\ge0 such that

ν[x∈Avo]=1∣x∣d−2+η+o(1)as ∣x∣→∞.\nu[x\in\mathrm{Av}_o]=\frac{1}{|x|^{d-2+\eta+o(1)}}\qquad\text{as }|x|\to\infty.

This conjecture extends the known high-dimensional bounds for the probability that xx topples and parallels the corresponding percolation exponent relation. Its status in dimensions 2≤d≤42\le d\le4 is open.

References

Primary source

Antal A. Járai, “Sandpile models”, arXiv:1401.0354 (2018).

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