The gcd-dependence conjecture for Gold exponent exponential sums

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Let mm be a positive integer and, for a positive integer kk, define the exponential sum

Gm(k)=∑x∈GF⁡(2m)∗(−1)Tr⁡m(x2k+1+x−1).G_m^{(k)}=\sum\limits_{x\in \operatorname{GF}(2^m)^*}(-1)^{\operatorname{Tr}_m(x^{2^k+1}+x^{-1})}.

Gcd-dependence conjecture. For any positive integer kk,

Gm(k)=Gm(gcd⁡(k,m)).G_m^{(k)}=G_m^{(\operatorname{gcd}(k,m))}.

Equivalently, Gm(k)G_m^{(k)} depends only on gcd⁡(k,m)\operatorname{gcd}(k,m); in particular, if gcd⁡(k,m)=1\operatorname{gcd}(k,m)=1, then

Gm(k)=∑x∈GF⁡(2m)∗(−1)Tr⁡m(x3+x−1).G_m^{(k)}=\sum\limits_{x\in \operatorname{GF}(2^m)^*}(-1)^{\operatorname{Tr}_m(x^3+x^{-1})}.

This conjecture is one of two claims on exponential sums used in the proposed determination of the five-valued cross-correlation distribution for the case d=(22k+1)/(2k+1)d=(2^{2k}+1)/(2^k+1). The source provides no resolution, and the conjecture remains open here.

References

Primary source

Xiaogang Liu, Michael Harrison and Yuan Luo, “A note on the five valued conjectures of Johansen and Helleseth and zeta functions”, arXiv:1309.5674 (2013).

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