Karp–Sitnik coefficient-positivity conjecture for rising-factorial Toeplitz determinants

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Let {fk}k=0n\{f_k\}_{k=0}^{n} be a non-negative sequence, let α,β>0\alpha,\beta>0, and define

Qnα,β(x):=∑k=0nfkfn−k(nk)[(x+α)k(x+β)n−k−(x+α+β)k(x)n−k].Q^{\alpha,\beta}_n(x):=\sum_{k=0}^{n}f_kf_{n-k}\binom{n}{k}\left[(x+\alpha)_k(x+\beta)_{n-k}-(x+\alpha+\beta)_k(x)_{n-k}\right].

Here (x)k(x)_k denotes the rising factorial. Karp–Sitnik's coefficient-positivity conjecture. If fk2>fk−1fk+1f_k^2>f_{k-1}f_{k+1} for k=1,2,…,n−1k=1,2,\ldots,n-1 and n≥3n\geq3, then Qnα,β(x)Q^{\alpha,\beta}_n(x) has positive coefficients at xjx^j for j=0,1,…,n−2j=0,1,\ldots,n-2.

The conjecture strengthens the known non-negativity result for Qnα,β(x)Q^{\alpha,\beta}_n(x) under log-concavity. Its status is not resolved in the supplied source context.

References

Primary source

Dmitry Karp, “Positivity of Toeplitz determinants formed by rising factorial series and properties of related polynomials”, arXiv:1203.1482 (2012).

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