A Pólya integral positivity conjecture for Gegenbauer polynomials

Let b4>0b4>0, bb>0bb>0, and nN0n\in\mathbb{N}_0. For 0<t<π0<t<\pi, define

Fnλ,δ(t)=0t(tθ)δCnλ(cosθ)(sinθ)2λdθ.F_n^{\lambda,\delta}(t)=\int_0^t (t-\theta)^\delta C_n^\lambda(\cos\theta)(\sin\theta)^{2\lambda}\,d\theta.

Integral positivity conjecture. The inequality Fnλ,δ(t)>0F_n^{\lambda,\delta}(t)>0 holds for every nN0n\in\mathbb{N}_0 and every t(0,π]t\in(0,\pi] if and only if δλ+1\delta\geq\lambda+1.

This non-negativity statement is the key ingredient in extending the stated Pólya-type criterion for positive definite and strictly positive definite zonal functions from dimensions 3d83\leq d\leq 8 to all dimensions d>2d>2.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

R. K. Beatson, W. zu Castell and Y. Xu, “A Pólya criterion for (strict) positive definiteness on the sphere”, arXiv:1110.2437 (2011).

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