Midpoint approximation for jumps of the Chebyshev psi function

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Let pnp_n be the nn-th prime, let ψ(x)=∑m≤xΛ(m)\psi(x)=\sum_{m\leq x}\Lambda(m), and define

Kn−1=li⁡[ψ(pn)]−li⁡[ψ(pn−1)].K_{n-1}=\operatorname{li}[\psi(p_n)]-\operatorname{li}[\psi(p_n-1)].

Midpoint jump conjecture. The jump at the prime pnp_n satisfies

Kn−1=K~n−1+O(1/pn2),K~n−1=log⁡pnlog⁡[(ψ(pn)+ψ(pn−1))/2].K_{n-1}=\widetilde K_{n-1}+O(1/p_n^2),\qquad \widetilde K_{n-1}=\frac{\log p_n}{\log\left[(\psi(p_n)+\psi(p_n-1))/2\right]}.

In particular, the sign of K~n−1−1\widetilde K_{n-1}-1 is the sign of Kn−1−1K_{n-1}-1. This approximation is used to control the sign of jumps and hence the Chebyshev-prime classification.

References

Primary source

Michel Planat and Patrick Solé, “Efficient prime counting and the Chebyshev primes”, arXiv:1109.6489 (2011).

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