Coefficientwise Bethe permanent lifting conjecture

Let θ\boldsymbol{\theta} be a matrix of indeterminates, let MZ>0M\in\mathbb{Z}_{>0}, and let Ψ~M\tilde{\Psi}_M be the set of degree-MM graph-covering permutations. For P~Ψ~M\tilde{{\bm{P}}}\in\tilde{\Psi}_M, write θP~\boldsymbol{\theta}^{\uparrow\tilde{{\bm{P}}}} for the associated lifted matrix. Coefficientwise Bethe permanent lifting conjecture. The coefficient of every monomial in

 ⁣perm(θP~) ⁣P~Ψ~M\Big\langle\!\operatorname{perm}\left(\boldsymbol{\theta}^{\uparrow\tilde{{\bm{P}}}}\right)\!\Big\rangle_{\tilde{{\bm{P}}}\in\tilde{\Psi}_M}

is at most the coefficient of the corresponding monomial in (perm(θ))M\big(\operatorname{perm}(\boldsymbol{\theta})\big)^M. Possibly the stronger statement holds with the averaged permanent replaced by perm(θP~)\operatorname{perm}(\boldsymbol{\theta}^{\uparrow\tilde{{\bm{P}}}}) for every P~Ψ~M\tilde{{\bm{P}}}\in\tilde{\Psi}_M. This coefficientwise version would imply the numerical lifting bound after specializing the indeterminates to non-negative values, but its general status is open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Pascal O. Vontobel, “The Bethe Permanent of a Non-Negative Matrix”, arXiv:1107.4196 (2012).

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