Generalized lattice-path trigonometric positivity conjecture

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Let MiM_i and NiN_i be nonnegative integers such that ∣Mi−Ni∣≤k|M_i-N_i|\leq k for i=1,…,ri=1,\ldots,r. Define the sums

∑l∏i=1r(Mi+NiMi−kl)cos⁡(lx)\sum_l\prod_{i=1}^r {M_i+N_i\choose M_i-kl}\cos(lx)

and

∑l∏i=1r(Mi+NiMi−kl)sin⁡(∣l∣x)sin⁡(x).\sum_l\prod_{i=1}^r {M_i+N_i\choose M_i-kl}\frac{\sin(|l|x)}{\sin(x)}.

Generalized positivity conjecture. The first sum is a polynomial in 1+cos⁡(x)1+\cos(x) with nonnegative integral coefficients, and the second satisfies

∑l∏i=1r(Mi+NiMi−kl)sin⁡(∣l∣x)sin⁡(x)≥0\sum_l\prod_{i=1}^r {M_i+N_i\choose M_i-kl}\frac{\sin(|l|x)}{\sin(x)}\geq 0

for any real xx.

This conjecture proposes a simultaneous extension of the preceding two-factor positivity results to an arbitrary number rr of pairs (Mi,Ni)(M_i,N_i). The supplied text gives no resolution or further evidence beyond the statement, so its status remains open.

References

Primary source

Victor J. W. Guo and Jiang Zeng, “Pairs of lattice paths and positive trigonometric sums”, arXiv:0903.5179 (2009).

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