Conjecture on root-counting measures for generalized Heun equations

Consider a generalized Heun equation

{Qk+1(z)dkdzk+Qk(z)dkdzk1++Q2(z)ddz+V(z)}S(z)=0,\left\{Q_{k+1}(z)\frac{d^k}{dz^k}+Q_k(z)\frac{d^k}{dz^{k-1}}+\cdots+Q_2(z)\frac{d}{dz}+V(z)\right\}S(z)=0,

where degQk+1(z)=k+1\deg Q_{k+1}(z)=k+1 and degQi(z)i\deg Q_i(z)\leq i for i=2,3,,ki=2,3,\ldots,k. For each sufficiently large positive integer nn, let μn\mu_n be the root-counting measure of the corresponding spectral polynomial. Write ConvQk+1Conv_{Q_{k+1}} for the convex hull of the roots of Qk+1(z)Q_{k+1}(z). Conjecture on generalized Heun root-counting measures. For any generalized Heun equation, the sequence {μn}\{\mu_n\} converges to a probability measure μ\mu supported on a curvilinear planar tree inside ConvQk+1Conv_{Q_{k+1}}, whose leaves, namely its vertices of valency 11, are the roots of Qk+1(z)Q_{k+1}(z). Moreover, the limiting measure μ\mu depends only on Qk+1(z)Q_{k+1}(z) and is independent of the other coefficients of the equation. The claim is motivated by large-scale numerical experiments and extends the preceding root-distribution expectations from Heun equations to higher-order generalized Heun equations; no proof or resolution is given.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

B. Shapiro and M. Tater, “On spectral polynomials of the Heun equation”, arXiv:0812.2321 (2008).

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