The hafnian analogue of Marcus's inequality for positive semidefinite matrices

Let pp be a positive integer and let A=(ai,j)A=(a_{i,j}) be a positive semidefinite symmetric real n×nn\times n matrix. Form the 2pn×2pn2pn\times 2pn block matrix whose 2p×2p2p\times 2p blocks are all equal to AA.

Hafnian inequality. The hafnian of this block matrix is at least

(2p1)!!niai,ip,(2p-1)!!^n\prod_i a_{i,i}^p,

with equality if and only if AA has a zero row or is a diagonal matrix.

This is presented as the case p=1p=1 obtained from the preceding hafnian inequality together with Marcus's inequality; the general assertion is the proposed extension to arbitrary positive integers pp.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Péter E. Frenkel, “Pfaffians, hafnians and products of real linear functionals”, arXiv:0704.0028 (2008).

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