Erdős Problem #958 — Configurations with consecutive distance multiplicities

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For a finite set A⊂R2A\subset\mathbb R^2, let n=∣A∣n=|A|, let D(A)D(A) be the set of distances determined by unordered pairs of distinct points of AA, and let the multiplicity of a distance dd be the number of such pairs at distance dd. Is the following assertion false? For every n∈Nn\in\mathbb N and every finite set A⊂R2A\subset\mathbb R^2 with ∣A∣=n|A|=n, if ∣D(A)∣=n−1|D(A)|=n-1 and the set of distance multiplicities is {1,2,…,n−1}\{1,2,\ldots,n-1\}, then AA consists either of equally spaced points on a line or of points on a circle with equally spaced angular increments. More explicitly, the line condition is that there exist a,v∈R2a,v\in\mathbb R^2 with v≠0v\ne0 such that A={a+iv:i∈N, i<n}A=\{a+i v: i\in\mathbb N,\ i<n\}, and the circle condition is that there exist c∈R2c\in\mathbb R^2 and r,θ,α∈Rr,\theta,\alpha\in\mathbb R with r>0r>0 and α≠0\alpha\ne0 such that A={c+r(cos⁡(θ+iα),sin⁡(θ+iα)):i∈N, i<n}A=\{c+r(\cos(\theta+i\alpha),\sin(\theta+i\alpha)):i\in\mathbb N,\ i<n\}.

References

Progress summary

Refreshed
Claimed solved

A recent paper gives a counterexample, so the proposed characterization is false even though the two standard families have the stated distance pattern.

Erdős conjectured that, for sufficiently large nn, the pattern k=n−1k=n-1 with multiplicities {n−1,…,1}\{n-1,\ldots,1\} forces the points to be equally spaced on a line or circle.

2025 counterexample

Clemen, Dumitrescu, and Liu construct, for every nn, a set consisting of the center of a unit circle and n−1n-1 equally spaced points on an arc subtending less than π/3\pi/3. It is neither collinear nor cocircular, but its distance multiplicities are (n−1,n−2,…,1)(n-1,n-2,\ldots,1); hence the equivalence is false. The paper also leaves open whether its displayed configurations exhaust all such sets for sufficiently large nn.

Current status (as of May 2025): The proposed equivalence is settled false by the Clemen–Dumitrescu–Liu counterexample; classification of all configurations with this multiplicity pattern remains open.

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