Erdős Problem #26 — A shift kk making the multiples of ni+kn_i+k have density 1

Erdős

Tenenbaum and I recently asked the following question: let n1<n2<n_1 < n_2 < \ldots be an infinite sequence of positive integers. Is it then true that there always is a positive integer kk for which almost all integers have a divisor of the form ni+kn_i + k? In other words, the set of multiples of the ni+kn_i + k (1i<1 \leq i < \infty) has density 1.

Progress summary

Solved

The original conjecture is false: an infinite set with a convergent reciprocal sum gives a counterexample, while a stronger density variant has only an unverified DeepMind claim.

Erdős Problem #26 asks whether every infinite set AA admits a shift A+kA+k whose members divide almost all integers. The answer is negative; a simple counterexample follows from classical work, with stronger counterexamples also recorded.

Known results

  • Davenport–Erdős (1951), with the result also associated with Tenenbaum: every Behrend sequence has divergent reciprocal sum, so any infinite AA with aA1/a<\sum_{a\in A}1/a<\infty disproves the question.
  • Ruzsa gave a counterexample in which no translate A+kA+k is a Behrend sequence.
  • Van Doorn explained how to modify Ruzsa’s construction to obtain a counterexample with aA1/a=\sum_{a\in A}1/a=\infty.

Reported DeepMind result for Tenenbaum’s variant

A DeepMind prover agent reportedly constructed an infinite AA such that, for every k1k\geq1, the multiples of A+kA+k have upper density <0.34<0.34, disproving the weaker 1ϵ1-\epsilon formulation if verified. The associated Lean theorem is displayed with sorry\texttt{sorry}.

Current status (as of June 2026): the original problem is resolved negatively; Tenenbaum’s weaker density variant is claimed disproved by DeepMind but remains unverified.

  • DeepMind prover agentGoogle DeepMindsolvedevidence
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