3 problems

Let $S$ be a section, let $f$ be a state, and let $(x_0,y_0,t_0)$ be a point in $\overset{\circ}{Y}\cap\mathcal{L}$ in the future of $S$. Assume that the cone $\mathcal{C}$ meets…

Consider a superimposition formed by combining the edges of two groves on different sets of initial conditions, allowing translations, so that the result is a multiset of edges. Th…

Let a planar graph have $2n$ nodes on its outer face, and let $Z_\pi$ be the weighted sum of groves whose nodes are connected according to the partition $\pi$. Write…