Conjecture for Stirling cycle numbers of all orders
Let be the Stirling cycle triangle of order , let
be the triangle formed by reversing the rows of , and let be its row-generating polynomials. A sequence of polynomials is coefficientwise Hankel-totally positive in when every minor of its Hankel matrix has coefficients that are nonnegative in . Conjecture for Stirling cycle numbers of all orders. The following are true: (a) is totally positive for all . (b) is totally positive for and is not totally positive when . (c) The polynomials are negative-real-rooted for and have non-real complex zeros for and . Also, the row sequences of are log-concave for . (d) The sequence is coefficientwise Hankel-totally positive in for all . These assertions refine the known low-order relationship between Stirling cycle triangles and Eulerian-type triangles; the cases include both failures of row-reversed total positivity and non-real-rootedness, while the total positivity of and the Hankel property are asserted for every order.
References
Primary source
Bishal Deb and Alan D. Sokal, “Higher-order Stirling cycle and subset triangles: Total positivity, continued fractions and real-rootedness”, arXiv:2507.18959 (2025).
Progress summary
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