Penrose's inequality for asymptotically Euclidean manifolds

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Let (Md,g)(M^d,g) be a complete asymptotically Euclidean manifold of real dimension dd with non-negative scalar curvature and an outermost minimal hypersurface Σ\Sigma. Write mADMm_{ADM} for its ADM mass, V(Σ)V(\Sigma) for the volume of Σ\Sigma, and

VE(Σ1)=2πd(d−1)!V_E(\Sigma_1)=\frac{2\pi^d}{(d-1)!}

for the volume of the Euclidean unit hypersphere. Penrose's inequality. The ADM mass satisfies

mADM≥12(V(Σ)VE(Σ1))d−2d−1.m_{ADM}\geq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{V(\Sigma)}{V_E(\Sigma_1)}\right)^{\frac{d-2}{d-1}}.

Moreover, equality holds if and only if MdM^d is isometric to a spatial Schwarzschild manifold outside its horizon. This is the Riemannian Penrose inequality, proved up to dimension eight in the cited work; the source presents it as a classical conjecture in the general Riemannian setting.

References

Primary source

C. Arezzo, A. Della Vedova and Samreena, “Minimal hypersurfaces in Kaehler scalar flat ALE spaces”, arXiv:2309.11615 (2023).

Additional references

6 papers in this index state this conjecture (2015–2023). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2304.09332, arXiv:2210.12237, arXiv:2206.12951, arXiv:2009.03704, arXiv:1509.00456.

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