BKL proposal for dynamics near generic spacelike cosmological singularities

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Let S\mathcal{S} be a generic spacelike initial cosmological singularity, and let J+(p)J^+(p) denote the causal future of a point pSp\in\mathcal{S}. BKL proposal. Sufficiently close to S\mathcal{S}, the dynamics are described as follows: the causal future J+(p)J^+(p) is well described by a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations whose solutions resemble sequences of stable or unstable Kasner-like regimes; every unstable Kasner regime transitions to a different stable or unstable Kasner regime; for stiff matter models there are finitely many Kasner inversions and the spacetime ultimately approaches a single stable Kasner metric with monotonic dynamics; for vacuum or non-stiff matter there are infinitely many Kasner inversions between unstable Kasner-like regimes in every generic J+(p)J^+(p). The proposal is a collection of heuristics concerning typical behavior near spacelike singularities and is often called the BKL scenario; the supplied text gives no resolution status.

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Primary source

Warren Li and Maxime Van de Moortel, “Kasner bounces and fluctuating collapse inside hairy black holes with charged matter”, arXiv:2302.00046 (2025).

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