Nayak and Yuen's rigidity conjecture for superdense coding

From papers

Let (τ,(Wi))(\tau,(W_i)) be a dd-dimensional superdense coding protocol. Let HA\mathcal{H}_{A'}, HA\mathcal{H}_{A”}, HB\mathcal{H}_{B'}, and HB\mathcal{H}_{B”} be the Hilbert spaces in the asserted decomposition, with HB\mathcal{H}_{B”} isomorphic to Cd\mathbb{C}^d, and let ϕd|\phi_d\rangle denote a maximally entangled state on HAHB\mathcal{H}_{A”}\otimes\mathcal{H}_{B”}. For operators C,D,EC,D,E, write C=EDC =_E D when CEC=DEDCEC^\dagger=DED^\dagger. Let [d2]={1,,d2}[d^2]=\{1,\ldots,d^2\}. Nayak and Yuen's rigidity conjecture. There exist a unitary operator VV on HAHA\mathcal{H}_{A'}\otimes\mathcal{H}_{A”}, unitaries (Ci)i[d2](C_i)_{i\in[d^2]} on HA\mathcal{H}_{A'}, an isometry W:HBHBHBW:\mathcal{H}_B\to\mathcal{H}_{B'}\otimes\mathcal{H}_{B”}, a density matrix ρ\rho on HAHB\mathcal{H}_{A'}\otimes\mathcal{H}_{B'}, pairwise orthogonal projectors {Pr}\{P_r\} on HA\mathcal{H}_{A'} summing to the identity, and, for every rr, an orthogonal unitary basis {Er,i}i[d2]\{E_{r,i}\}_{i\in[d^2]} for the space of d×dd\times d complex matrices, such that, with

τ=(VW)τ(VW),\tau'=(V\otimes W)\tau(V\otimes W)^\dagger,

one has

τ=ρABϕd ⁣ϕdAB\tau'=\rho^{A'B'}\otimes|\phi_d\rangle\!\langle\phi_d|^{A”B”}

and, for every i[d2]i\in[d^2],

(Ci1)WiV=τrPrEr,i.(C_i^\dagger\otimes\mathbb{1})W_iV^\dagger =_{\tau'} \sum_rP_r\otimes E_{r,i}.

The conjecture asserts rigidity of every superdense coding protocol up to local isometries and the choice of an orthogonal unitary basis, with the auxiliary state permitting a shared random outcome rr. The parser reports no resolution, so the conjecture remains open in the supplied source.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Máté Farkas, Jędrzej Kaniewski and Ashwin Nayak, “Mutually Unbiased Measurements, Hadamard Matrices, and Superdense Coding”, arXiv:2204.11886 (2023).

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