Global chain decomposition conjecture for q,tq,t-Catalan numbers

From papers

Let u u be the partition map whose iterates define the u u-segments, let u(γ) u^*(\gamma) denote the set of all defined iterates um(γ) u^m(\gamma), and let Par\operatorname{Par} be the set of partitions. For each deficit partition μ\mu, write Def(k)\operatorname{Def}(k) for the set of partitions of deficit kk, defc(γ)\operatorname{defc}(\gamma) for the deficit of γ\gamma, μ|\mu| for the size of μ\mu, (μ)\ell(\mu) for its length, and tail(μ)\operatorname{tail}(\mu) for its ν\nu-tail. For a collection S\mathcal{S} of partitions, define

Catn,S(q,t)=γSDP(n)qarean(γ)tdinv(γ).\operatorname{Cat}_{n,\mathcal{S}}(q,t)=\sum_{\gamma\in\mathcal{S}\cap\mathcal{DP}(n)}q^{\operatorname{area}_n(\gamma)}t^{\operatorname{dinv}(\gamma)}.

Global chain decomposition conjecture. There exist collections of partitions Cμ\mathcal{C}_{\mu}, indexed by deficit partitions μ\mu, and a size-preserving involution μμ\mu\mapsto\mu^* on Par\operatorname{Par}, satisfying: the collections Cμ\mathcal{C}_{\mu} are pairwise disjoint; every γCμ\gamma\in\mathcal{C}_{\mu} has defc(γ)=μ\operatorname{defc}(\gamma)=|\mu|; each collection has the form {Cμ(a),Cμ(a+1),Cμ(a+2),}\{C_{\mu}(a),C_{\mu}(a+1),C_{\mu}(a+2),\ldots\}, where a=(μ)a=\ell(\mu^*) and dinv(Cμ(i))=i\operatorname{dinv}(C_{\mu}(i))=i for all iai\geq a; every γDef(k)\gamma\in\operatorname{Def}(k) belongs to Cμ\mathcal{C}_{\mu} for some μPar(k)\mu\in\operatorname{Par}(k); tail(μ)Cμ\operatorname{tail}(\mu)\subseteq\mathcal{C}_{\mu} for all μ\mu; if γCμ\gamma\in\mathcal{C}_{\mu} and ν(γ)\nu(\gamma) is defined, then ν(γ)Cμ\nu(\gamma)\in\mathcal{C}_{\mu}; and, for all n0n\geq 0 and all μ\mu,

Catn,Cμ(q,t)=Catn,Cμ(t,q).\operatorname{Cat}_{n,\mathcal{C}_{\mu}}(q,t)=\operatorname{Cat}_{n,\mathcal{C}_{\mu^*}}(t,q).

This conjecture is the global-chain version of the structural conjecture attributed to parts (a), (b), (c), (d), (f), (g), and (j) of Conjecture 6.9 of LLL18. The paper states that its local-chain conjecture implies this global version; the existence of the required collections and involution is therefore the principal unresolved structural assertion here.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Seongjune Han, Kyungyong Lee, Li Li and Nicholas A. Loehr, “Chain Decompositions of q,t-Catalan Numbers via Local Chains”, arXiv:2003.03896 (2020).

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