MacDonald's conjecture on closest projections to nilpotent operators

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Let N(Cn)\mathcal{N}(\mathbb{C}^n) denote the set of nilpotent operators on Cn\mathbb{C}^n, and let δn\delta_n be the distance from the set of non-zero projections in Mn(C)\mathbb{M}_n(\mathbb{C}) to N(Cn)\mathcal{N}(\mathbb{C}^n). Let ν1,n\nu_{1,n} denote the distance from the set of rank-one projections in Mn(C)\mathbb{M}_n(\mathbb{C}) to N(Cn)\mathcal{N}(\mathbb{C}^n). MacDonald's conjecture states that the closest non-zero projections to N(Cn)\mathcal{N}(\mathbb{C}^n) have rank one. MacDonald's conjecture.

δn=ν1,n=12sec⁡(πn+2)for alln∈N.\delta_n=\nu_{1,n}=\frac{1}{2}\sec\left(\frac{\pi}{n+2}\right)\quad\text{for all}\quad n\in\mathbb{N}.

The formula for ν1,n\nu_{1,n} was proved by MacDonald, and the conjectured equality is known for n=3n=3 and has since been verified for n=4n=4. It remains open for all n≥5n\geq 5.

References

Primary source

Zachary Cramer, “The Distance from a Rank n-1 Projection to the Nilpotent Operators on C^n”, arXiv:1907.09635 (2021).

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