De Pierro's conjecture on underrelaxed projection limits

Let XX be a real Hilbert space and let C1,,CNC_1,\ldots,C_N be nonempty closed convex subsets of XX, with metric projections PCiP_{C_i}. For λ]0,1]\lambda\in]0,1], define

Qλ:=((1λ)Id+λPCN)((1λ)Id+λPC2)((1λ)Id+λPC1).Q_{\lambda}:=((1-\lambda)Id+\lambda P_{C_N})\cdots((1-\lambda)Id+\lambda P_{C_2})((1-\lambda)Id+\lambda P_{C_1}).

Assume that Fλ:=FixQλF_{\lambda}:=\operatorname*{Fix}Q_{\lambda}\neq\emptyset for every λ]0,1]\lambda\in]0,1]. For xXx\in X, let

xλ=weaklimn+Qλn(x).x_{\lambda}=\operatorname*{weak}\lim_{n\rightarrow+\infty}Q_{\lambda}^{n}(x).

Let L\mathcal{L} be the set of least-squares solutions,

L:={xXi=1NxPCi(x)2=infyXi=1NyPCi(y)2}.\mathcal{L}:=\left\{x\in X\mid \sum_{i=1}^{N}\left\Vert x-P_{C_i}(x)\right\Vert^2=\inf_{y\in X}\sum_{i=1}^{N}\left\Vert y-P_{C_i}(y)\right\Vert^2\right\}.

De Pierro's conjecture. The weak limits satisfy

limλ0+xλ=PL(x).\lim_{\lambda\rightarrow0^{+}}x_{\lambda}=P_{\mathcal{L}}(x).

The conjecture concerns the behavior, as the underrelaxation parameter tends to zero, of weak limits generated by cyclic compositions of underrelaxed projections for inconsistent convex feasibility problems. It is false in general: a system of three compact convex sets in R3\mathbb{R}^{3} provides a counterexample.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Yair Censor and Maroun Zaknoon, “Algorithms and Convergence Results of Projection Methods for Inconsistent Feasibility Problems: A Review”, arXiv:1802.07529 (2018).

Additional references

2 papers in this index state this conjecture (2018). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:1801.03216.

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