The Painlevé IV conformal-block expansion conjecture

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Let θ\theta, θt\theta_t, β\beta, and ss be parameters, let GG denote the Barnes GG-function, and let Φ\Phi and the matrix elements appearing below be the conformal-block data. Define

τ(t)=t−2θt2eθtt2∑n∈ZsnG(1+θ−β−n)∏ϵ=±1G(1+θt+ϵ(β+n))⟨0|⋅(Φ(θ,0,1/4),(θ−β−n,0,1/4)θt2(1/2t)|(θ,0,1/4))⟩.\tau(t)=t^{-2\theta_t^2}e^{\theta_t t^2}\sum_{n\in\mathbb{Z}} s^n G(1+\theta-\beta-n) \prod_{\epsilon=\pm 1}G(1+\theta_t+\epsilon(\beta+n))\left\langle 0\middle|\cdot\left(\Phi^{\theta_t^2}_{(\theta,0,1/4),(\theta-\beta-n,0,1/4)}(1/\sqrt{2}t)\middle|(\theta,0,1/4)\right)\right\rangle.

Set H=(log⁡τ(t))′H=(\log\tau(t))'. Painlevé IV conformal-block conjecture. The function HH satisfies the differential equation

(H”)2−4(tH′−H)2+4H′(H′−2(θ+θt))(H′−4θt)=0.\left(H”\right)^2-4(tH'-H)^2+4H'(H'-2(\theta+\theta_t))(H'-4\theta_t)=0.

This proposes a conformal-block expansion for a tau-function of the Painlevé IV Hamiltonian equation. The source presents the formula as a conjecture, but supplies no resolution status beyond its assertion.

References

Primary source

Hajime Nagoya, “Conformal blocks and Painlevé functions”, arXiv:1611.08971 (2016).

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