Periodic triangle sequences and algebraic powers

Let nn be a positive integer and let \bigtriangleup denote the region of ordered nn-tuples used by the triangle algorithm. Let 0αnα1<10 \leq \alpha_n \leq \cdots \leq \alpha_1 < 1 be an nn-tuple whose triangle sequence is (k,k,k,)(k,k,k,\ldots). Periodic triangle-sequence conjecture. Then

αj=α1j\alpha_j=\alpha_1^j

for 1jn1\leq j\leq n, and α1\alpha_1 is a root of

xn+1+kxn+xn1++x1=0.x^{n+1}+kx^n+x^{n-1}+\cdots+x-1=0.

Conversely, if α\alpha is the real root of this equation lying between zero and one, then (α,α2,,αn)(\alpha,\alpha^2,\ldots,\alpha^n) has purely periodic simplex sequence (k,k,k,)(k,k,k,\ldots). This gives an explicit algebraic description of the tuple associated with a constant periodic triangle sequence; the source also indicates that analogous results should hold for purely periodic sequences of the form (ij,ij,ij,)(ij,ij,ij,\ldots).

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Thomas Garrity, “On periodic sequences for algebraic numbers”, arXiv:math/9906016 (1999).

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