Guo–Zeng's gamma-positivity conjecture for involution descent polynomials

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Let In\mathcal{I}_n be the set of involutions in Sn\mathfrak{S}_n, and define

In(t)=∑π∈Intdes⁡(π).I_n(t)=\sum_{\pi\in\mathcal{I}_n}t^{\operatorname{des}(\pi)}.

Guo–Zeng conjecture. For every n∈Nn\in\mathbb{N}, there exist coefficients an,i∈Na_{n,i}\in\mathbb{N} such that

In(t)=∑i=0⌊(n−1)/2⌋an,iti(1+t)n−1−2i,I_n(t)=\sum_{i=0}^{\lfloor (n-1)/2\rfloor}a_{n,i}t^i(1+t)^{n-1-2i},

where 0≤i≤⌊(n−1)/2⌋0\leq i\leq\lfloor (n-1)/2\rfloor.

This is a gamma-positivity expansion for the descent polynomial of involutions. The source presents it as an open problem after noting that unimodality and symmetry were already known.

References

Primary source

Petter Brändén, “Actions on permutations and unimodality of descent polynomials”, arXiv:math/0610185 (2007).

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