Conjecture on log-concavity and unimodality of involution statistics

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For n≥4n\geq 4, let Inmaj(q)\mathcal{I}_n^{\mathrm{maj}}(q) and Ininv(q)\mathcal{I}_n^{\mathrm{inv}}(q) denote the major-index and inversion generating polynomials over involutions, and let InvnB(q)Inv_n^B(q), InvnD(q)Inv_n^D(q), and InvnO(q)Inv_n^O(q) be the corresponding inversion polynomials for the types named in the source. For a polynomial P(q)P(q), write [qi]P(q)[q^i]P(q) for the coefficient of qiq^i.

The conjecture. For all n≥4n\geq 4:

  1. The sequence {[qi]Inmaj(q)}i=0(n2)\{[q^i]\mathcal{I}_n^{\mathrm{maj}}(q)\}_{i=0}^{\binom{n}{2}} is log-concave.
  2. For 2≤i≤(n2)−22\leq i\leq \binom{n}{2}-2,
([qi]Ininv(q))2≥([qi−2]Ininv(q))([qi+2]Ininv(q)).\bigl([q^i]\mathcal{I}_n^{\mathrm{inv}}(q)\bigr)^2\geq\bigl([q^{i-2}]\mathcal{I}_n^{\mathrm{inv}}(q)\bigr)\bigl([q^{i+2}]\mathcal{I}_n^{\mathrm{inv}}(q)\bigr).
  1. The sequences {[q2i]InvnB(q)}i≥0\{[q^{2i}]Inv_n^B(q)\}_{i\geq0} and {[q2i+1]InvnB(q)}i≥0\{[q^{2i+1}]Inv_n^B(q)\}_{i\geq0} are unimodal.
  2. The sequences {[q2i]InvnD(q)}i≥0\{[q^{2i}]Inv_n^D(q)\}_{i\geq0} and {[q2i+1]InvnD(q)}i≥0\{[q^{2i+1}]Inv_n^D(q)\}_{i\geq0} are unimodal.
  3. The sequences {[q2i]InvnO(q)}i≥0\{[q^{2i}]Inv_n^O(q)\}_{i\geq0} and {[q2i+1]InvnO(q)}i≥0\{[q^{2i+1}]Inv_n^O(q)\}_{i\geq0} are unimodal.

The conjecture extends the original log-concavity conjecture. The supplied passage reports numerical log-concavity through n≤14n\leq14 and notes that the relevant roots are not real and do not lie in the stated triangular region, but gives no resolution of these assertions.

References

Primary source

W. M. B. Dukes, “Permutation statistics on involutions”, arXiv:math/0412222 (2004).

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