Parity conjecture for the Möbius function on shifted primes

Let S=(q1,,qt)S=(q_1,\dots,q_t) be a finite sequence of primes and define νS(n)=(νq1(n),,νqt(n))\nu_S(n)=(\nu_{q_1}(n),\dots,\nu_{q_t}(n)). Say that nn is SS-squarefree if q2nq^2\nmid n for every prime qSq\notin S, and define

μS(n)={(1)qn, qS1if n is S-squarefree,0otherwise.\mu_S(n)=\begin{cases}(-1)^{\sum_{q\mid n,\ q\notin S}1}&\text{if $n$ is $S$-squarefree},\\0&\text{otherwise.}\end{cases}

The shifted-prime parity conjecture. For non-zero tt, S={q1,,qt}S=\{q_1,\dots,q_t\}, and natural numbers e1,,ete_1,\dots,e_t,

pxνS(p1)=(e1,,et)μS(p1)=o(π(x)),\sum_{p\le x\atop \nu_S(p-1)=(e_1,\dots,e_t)}\mu_S(p-1)=o(\pi(x)),

where the oo-constant depends at most on S,e1,,etS,e_1,\dots,e_t and HH. This generalizes the belief that p1p-1 has no preference for an even or odd number of prime factors; the source describes it as deep and gives no resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Pieter Moree and Huib Hommersom, “Value distribution of Ramanujan sums and of cyclotomic polynomial coefficients”, arXiv:math/0307352 (2003).

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