Pu's relative 1-systole conjecture

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Let SS be a nonorientable surface and let ϕ:π1(S)→Z2\phi:\pi_1(S)\to \mathbb Z_2 correspond to a map ϕ^:S→RP2\hat\phi:S\to \mathbb R P^2 of absolute degree one. For a metric g\mathbf{g} on SS, define the relative 1-systole by

ϕsys⁡1(g)=min⁡ϕ([γ])≠0∈Z2length⁡(γ).\phi\operatorname{sys}_1(\mathbf{g})=\min_{\phi([\gamma])\ne 0\in\mathbb Z_2}\operatorname{length}(\gamma).

Pu's relative 1-systole conjecture. For any such SS and ϕ^\hat\phi,

ϕsys⁡1(g)2≤π2area⁡(g).\phi\operatorname{sys}_1(\mathbf{g})^2\leq \frac{\pi}{2}\operatorname{area}(\mathbf{g}).

This is a sharp generalization of Pu's inequality, with equality expected to reflect the projective-plane constant-curvature case; the source gives no resolution of the conjecture.

References

Primary source

Christopher B. Croke and Mikhail G. Katz, “Universal volume bounds in Riemannian manifolds”, arXiv:math/0302248 (2003).

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