Horn's conjecture on sums of Hermitian matrices

Let ρ\rho, σ\sigma, and τ\tau be weakly decreasing sequences of real numbers, and let ρσcτ\rho\boxplus\sigma\sim_c\tau mean that there exist Hermitian matrices with spectra ρ\rho, σ\sigma, and τ\tau whose first two matrices sum to the third. The trace identity is

τ1++τn=ρ1++ρn+σ1++σn.\tau_1+\cdots+\tau_n=\rho_1+\cdots+\rho_n+\sigma_1+\cdots+\sigma_n.

For an admissible triple i=(i1ir)i=(i_1\geq\cdots\geq i_r), j=(j1jr)j=(j_1\geq\cdots\geq j_r), and k=(k1kr)k=(k_1\geq\cdots\geq k_r), with 1r<n1\leq r<n and all entries between 00 and nrn-r, define the inequality

ρi1+r++ρir+1+σj1+r++σjr+1τk1+r++τkr+1.\rho_{i_1+r}+\cdots+\rho_{i_r+1}+\sigma_{j_1+r}+\cdots+\sigma_{j_r+1}\geq\tau_{k_1+r}+\cdots+\tau_{k_r+1}.

Horn's conjecture. The relation ρσcτ\rho\boxplus\sigma\sim_c\tau holds if and only if the trace identity holds and the displayed inequality holds whenever ii, jj, and kk are admissible and ijcki\boxplus j\sim_c k.

This conjecture gives a finite necessary-and-sufficient system of linear inequalities for the possible spectra of a sum of two Hermitian matrices. The source presents it as Horn's proposed resolution of Weyl's problem; no resolution status is supplied here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Allen Knutson and Terence Tao, “Honeycombs and sums of Hermitian matrices”, arXiv:math/0009048 (2000).

Progress summary

Never refreshed

Nothing recorded yet. Refresh searches the literature and the public web for attempts on this problem, and writes the first summary here.

Solutions 0

No solutions have been posted yet.