Equidistribution conjecture for the signs of square-free representation differences
For each odd square-free integer , let , and define
and . Sign equidistribution conjecture. As ,
Equivalently, . The numerical data suggest that the two signs of the difference of the representation numbers occur equally often among odd square-free integers for which the difference is nonzero; the preceding theorem gives quantitative lower bounds for both signs, but does not establish this equidistribution.
References
Primary source
Wei Tao and Guo Xuejun, “Signs of Square-Free Fourier Coefficients of Half-Integral weight cusp forms and the Congruent Number Problem”, arXiv:2607.24263 (2026).
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