Calinescu–Milas–Penn conjecture on modularity of principal tadpole Nahm sums

Let Tr=A2r/Z2T_r=A_{2r}/\mathbb{Z}_2 be the tadpole Dynkin diagram, and let Tr\mathbf{T}_r be its Cartan matrix. For xr=(x1,,xr)\mathbf{x}_r=(x_1,\ldots,x_r), define the tadpole Nahm sum

Tr(xr;q)=nr=(n1,,nr)Zrq12nrTrnrTx1n1xrnr(q)n1(q)nr.\mathcal{T}_r(\mathbf{x}_r;q)=\sum_{\mathbf{n}_r=(n_1,\ldots,n_r)\in\mathbb{Z}^r}\frac{q^{\frac{1}{2}\mathbf{n}_r\mathbf{T}_r\mathbf{n}_r^\mathsf{T}}x_1^{n_1}\cdots x_r^{n_r}}{(q)_{n_1}\cdots(q)_{n_r}}.

The sum is principal when x1==xr=1x_1=\cdots=x_r=1. Calinescu–Milas–Penn's conjecture. The principal tadpole Nahm sum Tr(1,,1;q)\mathcal{T}_r(1,\ldots,1;q), shifted by a rational power of qq, is modular. This conjecture generalizes the confirmed modularity results in ranks two through five; its general status is not resolved in the supplied context.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Shane Chern, Chanh Tran and Tanay Wakhare, “Tadpole Nahm sum as a Wronskian”, arXiv:2607.22904 (2026).

Additional references

2 papers in this index state this conjecture (2025–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2504.17737.

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