Deré's real definability conjecture for complex Lie algebras

Let LL be a finite-dimensional complex Lie algebra, and let its complex conjugate be the complex Lie algebra obtained by applying complex conjugation to the structure constants of LL. A complex Lie algebra LL is defined over R\mathbb{R} if there is a finite-dimensional real Lie algebra LRL_{\mathbb{R}} such that

LLRRC.L\simeq L_{\mathbb{R}}\otimes_{\mathbb{R}}\mathbb{C}.

Deré's conjecture. If LL is isomorphic to its complex conjugate, then LL is defined over R\mathbb{R}; equivalently, there exists a real Lie algebra LRL_{\mathbb{R}} such that

LLRRC.L\simeq L_{\mathbb{R}}\otimes_{\mathbb{R}}\mathbb{C}.

The conjecture is false: Cyril Demarche disproved it, and the paper constructs an explicit 10-dimensional complex two-step nilpotent Lie algebra that is isomorphic to its complex conjugate but is not definable over R\mathbb{R}.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Mikhail Borovoi, Willem A. de Graaf and Robert M. Guralnick, “Constructing a complex Lie algebra isomorphic to its complex conjugate but not definable over reals”, arXiv:2607.19513 (2026).

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