Quantitative dynamics conjectures for the relative free factor complex

Let (Γ;A)(\Gamma;\mathscr A) be the relatively free product under consideration, let F ⁣F(Γ;A)\mathcal{F\!F}(\Gamma;\mathscr A) be its relative free factor complex, and let ϕOut(Γ;A)\phi\in\operatorname{Out}(\Gamma;\mathscr A) be fully irreducible with expansion factor λϕ>1\lambda_\phi>1. Write τϕF ⁣F\tau^{\mathcal{F\!F}}_\phi for the translation length of ϕ\phi on F ⁣F(Γ;A)\mathcal{F\!F}(\Gamma;\mathscr A).

There exist constants AF ⁣F>0A^{\mathcal{F\!F}}>0, BF ⁣F>0B^{\mathcal{F\!F}}>0, and ΩF ⁣F>0\Omega^{\mathcal{F\!F}}>0, each depending only on Γ\Gamma and A\mathscr A, such that the following hold.

Quantitative dynamics conjectures. First, if ϕ\phi is fully irreducible with expansion factor λϕ>1\lambda_\phi>1, then

AF ⁣FτϕF ⁣FBF ⁣Flog(λϕ).A^{\mathcal{F\!F}}\leq\tau^{\mathcal{F\!F}}_\phi\leq B^{\mathcal{F\!F}}\log(\lambda_\phi).

Second, the following conditions are equivalent: (1) ϕ\phi is fully irreducible; (2) ϕ\phi acts loxodromically on F ⁣F(Γ;A)\mathcal{F\!F}(\Gamma;\mathscr A), equivalently τϕF ⁣F>0\tau^{\mathcal{F\!F}}_\phi>0; (3) ϕ\phi acts with unbounded orbits on F ⁣F(Γ;A)\mathcal{F\!F}(\Gamma;\mathscr A); and (4) every orbit of the action of ϕ\phi on F ⁣F(Γ;A)\mathcal{F\!F}(\Gamma;\mathscr A) has diameter at least ΩF ⁣F\Omega^{\mathcal{F\!F}}. The equivalence of (1) and (2) is already known, while the lower bound in the first assertion and the implication (4)     \implies (1) for general groups Γ\Gamma remain unresolved. These conjectures seek a quantitative refinement of the qualitative loxodromic-versus-elliptic dynamics theorem for the action of Out(Γ;A)\operatorname{Out}(\Gamma;\mathscr A) on relative free factor complexes.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Michael Handel and Lee Mosher, “Relative free splitting and free factor complexes: An overview”, arXiv:2607.19249 (2026).

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