Quantitative dynamics conjectures for the relative free factor complex

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Let (Γ;A)(\Gamma;\mathscr A) be the relatively free product under consideration, let F ⁣F(Γ;A)\mathcal{F\!F}(\Gamma;\mathscr A) be its relative free factor complex, and let ϕ∈Out⁡(Γ;A)\phi\in\operatorname{Out}(\Gamma;\mathscr A) be fully irreducible with expansion factor λϕ>1\lambda_\phi>1. Write τϕF ⁣F\tau^{\mathcal{F\!F}}_\phi for the translation length of ϕ\phi on F ⁣F(Γ;A)\mathcal{F\!F}(\Gamma;\mathscr A).

There exist constants AF ⁣F>0A^{\mathcal{F\!F}}>0, BF ⁣F>0B^{\mathcal{F\!F}}>0, and ΩF ⁣F>0\Omega^{\mathcal{F\!F}}>0, each depending only on Γ\Gamma and A\mathscr A, such that the following hold.

Quantitative dynamics conjectures. First, if ϕ\phi is fully irreducible with expansion factor λϕ>1\lambda_\phi>1, then

AF ⁣F≤τϕF ⁣F≤BF ⁣Flog⁡(λϕ).A^{\mathcal{F\!F}}\leq\tau^{\mathcal{F\!F}}_\phi\leq B^{\mathcal{F\!F}}\log(\lambda_\phi).

Second, the following conditions are equivalent: (1) ϕ\phi is fully irreducible; (2) ϕ\phi acts loxodromically on F ⁣F(Γ;A)\mathcal{F\!F}(\Gamma;\mathscr A), equivalently τϕF ⁣F>0\tau^{\mathcal{F\!F}}_\phi>0; (3) ϕ\phi acts with unbounded orbits on F ⁣F(Γ;A)\mathcal{F\!F}(\Gamma;\mathscr A); and (4) every orbit of the action of ϕ\phi on F ⁣F(Γ;A)\mathcal{F\!F}(\Gamma;\mathscr A) has diameter at least ΩF ⁣F\Omega^{\mathcal{F\!F}}. The equivalence of (1) and (2) is already known, while the lower bound in the first assertion and the implication (4)   ⟹  \implies (1) for general groups Γ\Gamma remain unresolved. These conjectures seek a quantitative refinement of the qualitative loxodromic-versus-elliptic dynamics theorem for the action of Out⁡(Γ;A)\operatorname{Out}(\Gamma;\mathscr A) on relative free factor complexes.

References

Primary source

Michael Handel and Lee Mosher, “Relative free splitting and free factor complexes: An overview”, arXiv:2607.19249 (2026).

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