Asymptotic linear-form conjecture for empirical transport-based quantiles

From papers

Let PnP_n be the empirical measure based on independent observations X1,,XnX_1,\ldots,X_n from PP, let zz lie in the setting of Theorem InfluenceQuantiles-main, and let I(Xi;QP(z))\mathbf{I}(X_i;\mathbf{Q}_P(z)) denote the influence function. Define

rn={n/log(n),d=2,n1/d,d3.r_n=\begin{cases} \sqrt{n/\log(n)},&d=2,\\\\ n^{1/d},&d\geq 3. \end{cases}

Asymptotic linear-form conjecture. Under the setting of Theorem InfluenceQuantiles-main,

rn(QPn(z)QP(z))=rnni=1nI(Xi;QP(z))+oP(1).r_n\bigl(\mathbf{Q}_{P_n}(z)-\mathbf{Q}_P(z)\bigr)=\frac{r_n}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n\mathbf{I}(X_i;\mathbf{Q}_P(z))+o_{\mathbb{P}}(1).

The conjecture proposes a nonstandard convergence rate rn1r_n^{-1}, reflecting the singular, non-square-integrable influence function and the resulting heavy-tailed behavior; numerical evidence supports the proposed scaling, while the pointwise vector-valued linearization remains unproved.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Alberto González-Sanz, Shunan Sheng, Bohan Wu and Marco Avella Medina, “The Influence Function of Transport-based Quantiles”, arXiv:2607.19080 (2026).

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