The band-sum unknotting-number conjecture

A band sum is the knot obtained by joining two knots by a band; the unknotting number u(K)u(K) is the minimal number of crossing changes required to transform a knot KK into the unknot. A knot is nontrivial if it is not isotopic to the unknot.

Band-sum unknotting-number conjecture. Any band sum of two nontrivial knots has unknotting number greater than one.

Scharlemann's theorem proves the analogous statement for composite knots, but the band-sum formulation is a proposed strengthening and remains unresolved in the supplied source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Hayato Imori, JungHwan Park and Masaki Taniguchi, “Unknotting number, ribbon concordance, and singular instantons”, arXiv:2607.12768 (2026).

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