Chartrand–Holbert–Oellermann–Swart conjecture on F-irregular graphs

Let FF be a connected graph of order at least 33. A graph GG is FF-irregular if every vertex of GG has a distinct number of subgraphs isomorphic to FF that contain it. A graph is nontrivial if it has at least one edge.

Chartrand–Holbert–Oellermann–Swart conjecture. For every connected graph FF of order at least 33, there exists a nontrivial FF-irregular graph.

The conjecture generalizes the distinction of vertices by ordinary degree, corresponding to F=K2F=K_2, for which no nontrivial graph is FF-irregular. It is known for several classes, including stars, complete graphs, and paths, but is not stated as fully resolved here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Tatiana Dovzhenok, “From roots to paths: graphs simultaneously irregular with respect to rooted and ordinary paths”, arXiv:2607.11700 (2026).

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