The conjecture on uncorrelated classical and modular-symbol Kloosterman sums

For m,n0m,n\neq0, define

ρm,n(x)=#{Ncx:signS(m,n;c)=signS(m,n;c)}#{Ncx},\rho_{m,n}(x)=\frac{\#\{N\mid c\leq x:\operatorname{sign}S(m,n;c)=\operatorname{sign}S^*(m,n;c)\}}{\#\{N\mid c\leq x\}},

and let r(S,S)(x)r(S,S^*)(x) be the Pearson correlation of the sequences S(m,n;c)S(m,n;c) and S(m,n;c)S^*(m,n;c) over the dyadic window Wx={Nc:x<c2x}W_x=\{N\mid c:x<c\leq2x\}. Uncorrelation conjecture. For any m,n0m,n\neq0,

ρm,n(x)12andr(S,S)(x)0(x).\rho_{m,n}(x)\to\frac12\quad\text{and}\quad r(S,S^*)(x)\to0 \qquad (x\to\infty).

The conjecture formalizes the numerical evidence that the signs and values of the two types of Kloosterman sums are asymptotically uncorrelated; the supplied source gives numerical support but no proof.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Nikolaos Diamantis, Solomon Friedberg and Fredrik Strömberg, “Sums of Kloosterman sums formed with modular symbols”, arXiv:2607.10786 (2026).

Progress summary

Never refreshed

Nothing recorded yet. Refresh searches the literature and the public web for attempts on this problem, and writes the first summary here.

Solutions 0

No solutions have been posted yet.