Kosniowski's conjecture on fixed points of unitary circle manifolds

Let M2nM^{2n} be a unitary S1S^1-manifold with isolated fixed points, and let f(n)f(n) be a positive linear function of nn. The manifold M2nM^{2n} is a boundary if it represents zero in unitary equivariant bordism.

Kosniowski's conjecture. If M2nM^{2n} is not a boundary, then the number of fixed points is greater than f(n)f(n). Kosniowski conjectured that the candidate function is

f(n)=n2.f(n)=\tfrac{n}{2}.

This conjecture seeks a linear lower bound on the number of fixed points of a nonbounding unitary circle manifold. The supplied text gives no evidence resolving it.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Runze Chen, Zhi Lü and Leqi Yang, “Reduced characteristic number criteria for equivariant bordism of T^k- and (Z_2)^k-manifolds with isolated fixed points”, arXiv:2607.01889 (2026).

Additional references

10 papers in this index state this conjecture (2010–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2303.15396, arXiv:2108.08699, arXiv:1812.11421, arXiv:1702.06897, arXiv:1510.00952, arXiv:1404.4541, arXiv:1307.6766, arXiv:1103.6173, arXiv:1008.4826.

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