Parity conjecture for the unique invariant theta characteristic on modular curves

From papers

Let pp be an odd prime with p7p\geq 7, and let X(p)X(p) denote the modular curve of level pp. An invariant theta characteristic is a theta characteristic on X(p)X(p) invariant under the relevant group action.

Parity conjecture. The unique invariant theta characteristic on X(p)X(p) is always even.

This conjecture extends the computations for p=7,11,13,17p=7,11,13,17, where the unique invariant theta characteristic was found to be even. The parity for all odd primes p7p\geq 7 remains open.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Linden Disney-Hogg, “The Parity of Invariant Characteristics”, arXiv:2606.20938 (2026).

Additional references

7 papers in this index state this conjecture (2010–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2507.00860, arXiv:2208.11616, arXiv:2207.02509, arXiv:2105.06574, arXiv:1011.2991, arXiv:1002.0554.

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