Stein's restriction conjecture for smooth surfaces with nonzero Gaussian curvature

Let

S={(ξ,η,h(ξ,η)):(ξ,η)[1,1]2}\mathcal{S}=\{(\xi,\eta,h(\xi,\eta)):(\xi,\eta)\in[-1,1]^2\}

be the graph of a smooth function hh, and define the extension operator

ESf(x,y,t)=[1,1]2ei(xξ+yη+th(ξ,η))f(ξ,η)dξdη.E_{\mathcal S}f(x,y,t)=\int_{[-1,1]^2}e^{i(x\xi+y\eta+t h(\xi,\eta))}f(\xi,\eta)\,d\xi\,d\eta.

Write q=qq1q'=\frac{q}{q-1}. Stein's restriction conjecture. If the Gaussian curvature of S\mathcal S is nonzero at every point of [1,1]2[-1,1]^2, then there exists a constant CC, depending only on pp, qq, and S\mathcal S, such that

ESfLp(R3)CfLq([1,1]2)\|E_{\mathcal S}f\|_{L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{3})}\le C\|f\|_{L^{q}([-1,1]^2)}

for all p>3p>3 and qp2q'\le \frac{p}{2}. This is the classical restriction conjecture for compact smooth surfaces with nonvanishing Gaussian curvature. The paper proves a result for surfaces with negative Gaussian curvature in the range p>227p>\frac{22}{7} and q<p2q'<\frac{p}{2}, but the stated conjecture itself remains unresolved in its full generality.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Shaoming Guo, Diankun Liu and Yakun Xi, “Restriction estimates for surfaces with negative curvature in R^3”, arXiv:2606.16766 (2026).

Additional references

12 papers in this index state this conjecture (2014–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2602.08568, arXiv:2511.22824, arXiv:2505.09037, arXiv:2411.08871, arXiv:2407.08549, arXiv:2312.08633, arXiv:2210.03878, arXiv:2207.00652, arXiv:2110.12482, arXiv:1812.10641, arXiv:1410.4338.

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