Hilton's cycle multiplicity conjecture for dense hamiltonian graphs

From papers

Let GG) be a hamiltonian graph of order nn, and let e(G)e(G) denote its number of edges and c(G)c_\ell(G) the number of cycles of length \ell in GG. Assume

e(G)>n24+1.e(G) > \left\lfloor \frac{n^2}{4} \right\rfloor + 1.

Hilton's conjecture. For every integer \ell with 3n3\le \ell\le n,

c(G)n+2.c_\ell(G) \ge n-\ell+2.

The conjecture strengthens Sheehan's theorem, which guarantees at least two cycles of every length under the same density condition. It is known at the endpoint =n\ell=n, and the triangle case follows from a result of Erdős; the full conjecture has remained open since 1977, although the paper proves it for sufficiently large order and leaves only finite exceptional ranges for lengths 6106\le \ell\le 10.

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Primary source

Chengli Li, Leyou Xu and Bo Zhou, “The number of cycles of a given length in dense hamiltonian graphs: proving Hilton's conjecture”, arXiv:2606.16114 (2026).

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