Cartier--Nishi duality conjecture for two-dimensional triangular t-modules

From papers

Let ψ1\psi_1 and ψ2\psi_2 be Drinfeld modules, let δ:Fq[t]K{τ}\delta:\mathbb{F}_q[t]\to K\{\tau\} be a biderivation, and let

Υ=Υ(ψ1,ψ2,δ)\Upsilon=\Upsilon(\psi_1,\psi_2,\delta)

be the associated triangular t\mathbf{t}-module. Assume that Υ\Upsilon is without nilpotence and that

rkψ1>rkψ2>1.\operatorname{rk}\psi_1>\operatorname{rk}\psi_2>1.

Cartier--Nishi duality conjecture. The Cartier--Nishi theorem holds for Υ\Upsilon.

The conjecture is motivated by computations of the polynomial families associated with these triangular modules and concerns the difficult cases of Cartier--Nishi duality. The supplied text gives computational evidence but does not state a proof or a resolution.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Dawid E. Kędzierski. and Piotr Krasoń, “Duality for t- modules: The Difficult Cases”, arXiv:2606.14399 (2026).

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