A super-Brownian representation conjecture for non-removable sets

Let ΣRd\Sigma\subset \mathbb{R}^d be a compact set that is not a removable set for Δ\Delta in L2(Rd)L^2(\mathbb{R}^d). A self-adjoint extension of ΔCc(Rd\Σ)\Delta|_{C_c^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d\backslash\Sigma)} in L2(Rd)L^2(\mathbb{R}^d) is an operator Δ~\widetilde{\Delta}, and let {Xt}t0\{\mathcal{X}_t\}_{t\geq 0} be a measure-valued process. Super-Brownian representation conjecture. There exist such an extension Δ~\widetilde{\Delta} and process {Xt}t0\{\mathcal{X}_t\}_{t\geq 0} such that

Eδx[Xt(u0)]=u~(t,x)\mathtt{E}_{\delta_x}[\mathcal{X}_t(u_0)]=\widetilde{u}(t,x)

for any t>0t>0 and any xR3\Σx\in\mathbb{R}^3\backslash\Sigma, where u~\widetilde{u} is the solution of

tu=12Δ~u,u(0,x)=u0(x).\partial_tu=\frac{1}{2}\widetilde{\Delta}u,\qquad u(0,x)=u_0(x).

This is presented as a plausible generalization of a result of Fleischman and Mueller, extending the connection between removability, super-Brownian motion, and capacities to non-removable sets. The source does not provide evidence that the conjecture has been resolved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Makoto Nakashima, “Feynman–Kac formula for the heat equation with a one-center point interaction in d=3”, arXiv:2606.11677 (2026).

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