Classical randomized simulation conjecture for divergence-free quadratic ODEs

Let β5/3\beta\geq 5/3 and define

J=i,j,k=1Ncijk=O(polylog(N)).J=\sum_{i,j,k=1}^N|c_{ijk}|=O(\operatorname{polylog}(N)).

Assume there is an efficient procedure for sampling from the probability distribution induced by the normalized tensor c/Jc/J. Consider the quadratic ODE system

dXidt=fi(X)=i,j,k=1NcijkXjXk,\frac{dX_i}{dt}=f_i(X)=\sum_{i,j,k=1}^N c_{ijk}X_jX_k,

with divergence-free drift cc and sparse initial condition X(0)=X0X(0)=X_0. Classical simulation conjecture. There exists a classical randomized time-evolution algorithm that solves this system directly in ODE state space with polynomial runtime. The claim concerns a proposed classical counterpart to the quantum simulation method; its validity is left open in the supplied text.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Sergey Bravyi, Adam Byrne, Mykhaylo Zayats and Sergiy Zhuk, “Quantum algorithms for stochastic nonlinear differential equations”, arXiv:2606.08349 (2026).

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