Balanced-border characterization of half-frequency words
Balanced-border characterization of half-frequency words
Let be a binary word. A balanced border is a border of whose numbers of s and s are equal; the statistics and are the letter-frequency quantities associated with forbidding . Balanced-border conjecture. The word satisfies
if and only if has balanced borders. The same equivalence holds with replaced by . This conjecture would characterize exactly when either frequency statistic remains without requiring an evident symmetry. The source says that a computer search suggests the claim and gives no proof or resolution.
Sources & referencesView supporting material
Primary source
Miklós Bóna, Balázs Maga and Jacob Richey, “Letter frequency in shifts of finite type with one forbidden word”, arXiv:2606.06655 (2026).
Progress summary
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