Unimodality conjecture for independence polynomials of zero-divisor graphs of integer rings

From papers

Let nn be a positive integer and let Γ(Zn)\varGamma(\mathbb{Z}_n) denote the zero-divisor graph of the ring Zn\mathbb{Z}_n. Its independence polynomial is

I(Γ(Zn),x)=k=0α(Γ(Zn))sk(Γ(Zn))xk.I\bigl(\varGamma(\mathbb{Z}_n),x\bigr)=\sum_{k=0}^{\alpha(\varGamma(\mathbb{Z}_n))}s_k\bigl(\varGamma(\mathbb{Z}_n)\bigr)x^k.

Zero-divisor graph unimodality conjecture. The independence polynomial I(Γ(Zn),x)I\bigl(\varGamma(\mathbb{Z}_n),x\bigr) is unimodal. The paper presents this as a conjecture following computational experiments and results for the families n{p,p2,p3,pq,p2q}n\in\{p,p^2,p^3,pq,p^2q\}; the supplied text does not establish a resolution for arbitrary nn.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Bilal Ahmad Rather, “Combinatorial and analytic aspects of independence polynomials of zero divisor graphs”, arXiv:2606.04789 (2026).

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