Nonnegativity conjecture for the auxiliary polynomial U_k

For each integer k1k\geq1, define

Uk(q)==1k/2q2(+1)[k2]q=1k/3(1)q(9+5)/2[k3]q.U_k(q)=\sum_{\ell=1}^{\lfloor k/2\rfloor}q^{2\ell(\ell+1)}\left[\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k}{2\ell}\right]_q-\sum_{\ell=1}^{\lfloor k/3\rfloor}(-1)^\ell q^{\ell(9\ell+5)/2}\left[\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k}{3\ell}\right]_q.

Here A(q)qB(q)A(q)\geq_qB(q) denotes coefficientwise comparison, so Uk(q)q0U_k(q)\geq_q0 means that all coefficients of Uk(q)U_k(q) are nonnegative. The UkU_k nonnegativity conjecture. For all k19k\geq19,

Uk(q)q0.U_k(q)\geq_q0.

If true, this would, together with the verified range proposition, imply the 1/21/2-conjecture for r=1/3r=1/3. The claim is supported by empirical evidence and remains unproved in the source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Guo-Niu Han and Huan Xiong, “The 1/2-Conjecture for q-Binomial Coefficients with Fractional Index”, arXiv:2606.01919 (2026).

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