Quadratic growth conjecture for the Heisenberg algebra

Let hn\mathfrak{h}_n be the Heisenberg algebra, and let L(R;hn)L(R;\mathfrak{h}_n) denote the gradient Lipschitz constant for the objective class under consideration on the radius-RR region.

Quadratic growth conjecture.

L(R;hn)=Θ(R2).L(R;\mathfrak{h}_n)=\Theta(R^2).

The Heisenberg algebra is nilpotent and has no hyperbolic elements, but its bracket structure differs from that of se(3)\mathfrak{se}(3). Establishing matching quadratic upper and lower bounds would determine whether the R2R^2 growth observed for se(3)\mathfrak{se}(3) persists in this setting and would clarify whether the same exponent holds more broadly for non-compact Lie algebras without hyperbolic elements.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Sooraj K. C and Vivek Mishra, “Operator-norm bounds and a quadratic lower-growth example for the special Euclidean algebra se(3)”, arXiv:2605.31076 (2026).

Additional references

3 papers in this index state this conjecture (2005–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2001.04247, arXiv:math/0501110.

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